electronics keralam

ബേസിക് ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്സ്

കാസര്‍ഗോട് ജില്ലയിലെ ബദിയടുക്കയിലുള്ള ക്രിഷ്ണകുമാര്‍ ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും ചെറിയ ഫിലിം ക്യാമറ നിര്‍മ്മിച്ച് ശ്രദ്ദേയനായ വിവരം അറിഞ്ഞിരിക്കുമല്ലോ. ബഹു മുഖപ്രതിഭയായ ഈ ചെറുപ്പക്കാരന്‍ ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്സിലും അതീവ തല്‍പ്പരനാണ് . ക്രിഷ്ണകുമാറിന്റെ വെബ് സൈറ്റിലെ ബേസിക് ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്സ് പാഠങ്ങള്‍ കാണൂ Electronics deals with electrical circuit with companents like ICs,Transistor, Capasitor, Resistor.. .which conected by wires or traces through which electric current can flow. The combination of companents trought connector allows various simple and complex operation like amplification, computaton, data tranformation etc can be performed, they are catageriesed as Analog, Digital and Mixed signal types of circuits. The Basic Electronic Companents Resistors A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronic component which "resist" the flow of electrical current with in it . Resistors are color coded, and resistance are calculated based on the color rings on it. Their measuring unit is Ohms. From the above Resisitor Resistance is 5(Green)/1(Brown)/0(Black)/00(Red-Value is 2 so Two Zeros) 51000ohms ie, 51Kohms Flow of current I as given by (Ohm's law) I=V/R Ohms I-Current, V-applied Voltage and R-resistance of resistor. Other types of Resistors are Carbon Composition, Metal Oxide Film, Precision Metal Film, Foil Resistors, Filament Resistors, Power Film, Precision Wire Wound, High Power Wire Wound, Photoresistors and Thermistors Variable Resistors. Capacitors Is a device used to store charge in an electrical circuit. A basic capacitor is made up of two conductors separated by an insulator, or dielectric. The dielectric can be made of paper, plastic, mica, ceramic, glass, a vacuum or any other nonconductive material. They are measured in Farads. One Farad = 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 Capacitors usually measured in microfarads (uF = 0.000,001F) and picofarads (pF = 0.000,000,000,001F ). C = t/[(Vo/V)R], in Farad Initial Voltage, Vo = voltage of power source, in Volt Resistance, R = Resistance of the resistor used, in ohm Final voltage, V = voltage reference, in Volt Time taken, t = The time when the stopwatch stop counting, in seconds Electrolytic, Ceramic, Mylar, Mica, Variable Capacitors are other kind of Capacitors. Transistors Is a semiconductor and are used amplify current or electronic signal and may be used as a switch Using a small amount of electricity to control a gate on a much larger supply of electricity, It having least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. there are two main types; NPN and PNP. The Junction Transistor , A Bipolar Junction Transistor ( BJT) is an active semiconductor device formed by two P-N junctions whose function is amplification of an electric current and are made from 3 sections of semiconductor material , with 2 resulting P-N junctions. The Field-Effect Transistor the function is similar to bipolar transistors but there are a few differences. They have 3 terminals. Two general types of FETs are the 'N' channel and the 'P' channel MOSFETs. Diodes Diode or semiconductor Diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction while blocking current in the opposite direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. It used to convert alternating current to direct current, and to extract modulation from radio signals in radio receivers. Other Diodes - LED- emit light when an electric current passes through them Laser Diode, Schottky Diodes, Zener diode, Photodiode, Varicap Diode or Varactor Diode, Rectifier Diode. ICs They are an entire electrical circuit with numerous transistors, wires, and other electrical devices which etched onto a square chips of silicon semiconductor . The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC and starting near the notch or dot. There are Analog (or linear) which are used as amplifiers, timers and oscillators, Digital (or logic) which are used in microprocessors and memories and Some ICs are combinations of both analog and digital. Relays A relay is an electrically operated switch, some relays works based on electromagnetism, current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field, which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The relays switch connections: COM= Common, NC = Normally Closed and NO= Normally Open Inductors Made from a copper wire, when current flowing through these coil ( inductor) creates a magnetic field which transmit and measure current in relation to the amount of voltage applied, electromagnets store and release an electrical current, Inductors are commonly used in radio frequency applications

Coupled Inductors: Two coils that are linked by electromagnetic induction called Coupled inductor. When an alternating current allow to flows through one coil, the coil sets up a magnetic field which is coupled to the second coil and induces a voltage in that coil. The phenomenon of one inductor inducing a voltage in another inductor is known as mutual inductance. Multi-Layer Inductors: This particular type of inductor consists of a layered coil, wound multiple times around the core. As a result of the multiple layers and the insulation between them, multi-layer inductors have a high inductance level. Ceramic Core Inductors: Is unique in having a dielectric ceramic core, meaning it cannot store a lot of energy but has very low distortion and hysteresis. Molded Inductors: These inductors are molded using plastic or ceramic insulation